Abstract
Digital technologies have increasingly become integrated within educational environments, creating new opportunities and challenges relating to communication, learning, and responsible participation within digital spaces. The purpose of the study was to examine digital citizenship in the context of secondary education by reviewing the existing literature to explore its conceptualization, challenges, and educational implications. A narrative literature review approach was used in order to synthesize findings from peer-reviewed journal articles, academic books and relevant scholarly sources using secondary desk research and thematic analysis. The findings indicated that digital citizenship involves responsible use of technology as well as ethical behaviour, digital literacy, critical thinking, civic participation, media literacy and responsible online engagement. The research also revealed that digital competence and media literacy influence how learners engage appropriately in digital environments. The literature also pointed out several challenges that affect implementation such as teacher preparedness, curriculum integration, technology inequities and institutional support. In conclusion, the study emphasizes the importance of digital citizenship education in preparing learners for responsible participation in digitally connected societies and calls for context-sensitive educational approaches.